ICPR’s policing research explores many facets of the police as an organisation, policing operations and effectiveness, and the relationship between the police and the public. Past and current work under this theme includes a study of misconduct by chief officers; research on the police complaints system; research into the policing of organised crime groups involved in fraud; the professionalisation of the police and increased use of evidence based policing, the introduction of the Police Educational Qualification Framework and a range of studies focusing on procedural justice.