Policing and the policed

ICPR’s policing research explores many facets of the police as an organisation, policing operations and effectiveness, and the relationship between the police and the public. Past and current work under this theme includes a study of misconduct by chief officers; research on the police complaints system; research into the policing of organised crime groups involved in fraud; the professionalisation of the police and increased use of evidence based policing, the introduction of the Police Educational Qualification Framework and a range of studies focusing on procedural justice.

Current projects

Fraud on the Socials: Exploring Young people’s Understandings and Experiences of Online Fraud and the Implications for Policy and Practice

Law enforcement responses to organised fraud

Operation Soteria/Bluestone: Re-examining the investigation of Rape and Serious Sexual Offences

Tackling Online Fraud

Completed projects include:

The Facilitation of Organised Fraud by Professional Enablers and Money Launderers

Developing an evidence based approach to police graduate training

Organised Crime Groups involved in Fraud

City.Risks: Avoiding and mitigating safety risks in urban environments

Evaluating the use of evidence by the N8 Policing Research Partnership Forces

Language Barriers in the Criminal Justice System

Publications

Bhardwa, Bina and Atkinson, Samantha (2025) When victims become perpetrators: rethinking youth involvement in online fraud. WebPurify

Jackson, J., Kuha, J., Bradford, J. and Hough, M (2025) ‘Why do People Cooperate with the Police and Criminal Courts? A Test of Procedural Justice Theory in 30 Countries’ Criminology.

WebPurify (2025) What Happens When Teens Stop Trusting The Internet?

Bhardwa, Bina (2024) Tackling online fraud: is it time to take a different approach? Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK.

Jacobson, Jessica, Bhardwa, Bina and Murray, Alex (2024) 'The internet acts as a level playing field. All it takes is one slip-up.' Online fraud and the sense of pervasive threat. Working Paper. Institute for Crime and Justice Policy Research, Birkbeck, University of London, UK.

Harris, M., Jacobson, J. and Provetti, A. (2024) 'Sentiment and time-series analysis of direct message conversations', Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation.